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u.s department of education this is

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houston please call station for a voice

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station

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this is tony miller deputy secretary of

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education

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we are here with hundreds of students in

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of international education week how do

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you hear me i hear you well it's a

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little broken but it's great to hear you

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and great to hear all the kids there

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well great it really is exciting to be

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able to connect with you um

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let's get started i'd like to invite the

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first student to come up and ask the

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first question

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and this question is from ali at

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heart middle and do you prefer living on

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earth or in space

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hey that that's a great question and

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welcome aboard the international space

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station

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you know this is something i've dreamed

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about my entire life and so for right

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now well it's my turn to be here i'm

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glad i'm here and i i've dreamed about

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this and i'm proud to be here i have a

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big job to do

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and so this is where i want to be right

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now i'm also looking forward to going

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home in two weeks i've been up here for

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uh five months as of yesterday we

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launched five months ago

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and so it's been a long time away from

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home and i'm looking forward to going

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home and once i get home it's time to be

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there and so i look forward to being

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back on my favorite planet earth

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my name's elena and my question is how

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did your childhood education and peers

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influence your decision to join nasa

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now that's an interesting question i

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grew up in the early days of the space

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age i was born two months after the the

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first satellite was launched into space

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the russian satellite known as sputnik

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and grew up during the days when we were

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working toward the moon and and i

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remember watching the moon landings and

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dreaming about what it would be like to

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do that

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and when i was about 12 years old i was

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a boy scout on a camp out out away from

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the city lights i remember

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kind of laying on a hillside looking up

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at the stars and feeling like i was in

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the middle of them and that's when it

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really became kind of a personal dream

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for me to to do this kind of crazy thing

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but there was uh people that thought i

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was you know thought this was impossible

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thought it was a little crazy

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but there were a lot of people who

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really encouraged me too i had some

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scout leaders and teachers who

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encouraged me a lot along the way

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as well as

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family and friends who really knew me

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and really believed in me then and that

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that made all the difference in the

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world

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hi my name is anuleka and my question is

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what is it like to be away from your

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family and people you love

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well it is hard to be away from the my

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family especially

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for a long period of time like this it's

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a lot like you know days in the military

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when you're deployed and you you're away

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from family for a long time i'm glad to

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be here i have an important job to do

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and i'm proud to be doing this job and

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living my dream but the the one downside

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is really to be away from my family i

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miss my wife and my kids and my baby

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granddaughter who was born just a few

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weeks before i left i'm staying in touch

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with them you know on the phone and

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email and my daughter sends me videos

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and i can't wait to get home and hug

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that little munchkin

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hi my name is ian and my question is

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without man launches at the cape are

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american astronauts going to do space

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missions with other countries and will

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they be training in europe

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yes indeed we are training and launching

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from other places

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the training for the international space

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station flight i went through all of the

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basic training once i got assigned to

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the flight it was two and a half years

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of training and that was really around

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the globe you know in the united states

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in canada in germany in japan and a lot

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in russia because i didn't launch here i

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didn't come here on a space shuttle i

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came here this time on a russian soyuz

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rocket which is a very different

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experience and so i i had the

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opportunity to live and work in russia

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and train over there for many months in

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preparation for this and what a great

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experience it's been in a in a lot of

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ways uh it's it and for me you know

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growing up in the days

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that i grew up

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you know and the whole idea of flying on

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a russian rocket and having the freedom

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to to move around in russia and and

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visit moscow and all of those things is

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that's about as mind-blowing as flying

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into space is really so it's uh that

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and that's where we are right now

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because the united states does not have

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a human launch capability

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we have uh we're dependent on the

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russians really for a human launch right

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now

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and a lot of cargo there's also cargo

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ships uh that are launched from japan

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and europe uh that come up here uh and

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the u.s has a couple of companies that

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are very close to uh beginning to

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deliver cargo uh

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which we need here on the space station

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and there's several teams that are

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working very hard on coming up with a

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human launch capability from the united

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states i think we need that i really

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applaud you know those efforts and look

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forward to supporting those efforts when

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i get home

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isabel this is a question from aaron do

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you feel more energetic in space as

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compared to working on earth

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okay aaron that's an interesting

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question

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i i'm not sure i could tell anymore i've

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been up here so long i'm completely

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adapted i'm now as

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you know i'm now a space being i think

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in ways maybe more energetic because the

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days are just busy we wake up at six

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o'clock in the morning we have a bunch

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of things we we need to do early in the

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morning actually checking on some

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experiments

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and preparing for the day and then we're

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working really hard all day long we get

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a short break for lunch

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and and then we're working it into

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dinner and and past that a little bit so

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the days are so busy

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time flies by

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and and so you just have to be going

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constantly and so i think my energy

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level is pretty high up here uh but it's

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it's pretty high on the earth too uh

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physically it's easier to be here though

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because we just float

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you know and and so i don't have to hold

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my body up while i'm moving around and

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doing things sometimes it's kind of hard

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to hold my body still while i'm doing

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things and that's a different thing

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because when i push on something i push

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on it

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and it it pushes me away from it and so

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sometimes it gets a little hard and

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frustrating to do things up here in

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general though i think it's a little

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easier

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physically living up here than living on

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the ground but you also have to be ready

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to come back to the ground too

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my name is jenny and my question is from

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alexis at maxwell air force base

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how much space debris do you see

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and does it pose a danger to the space

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station

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hey alexis

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we don't i i've never seen a space

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debris that i know was space debris i've

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seen satellites uh in the uh close to

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dawn just like you can on the ground on

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the ground you can see us the space

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station and you can see satellites

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if it's just within an hour or two hours

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after sunset or just before sunrise

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when we're in the light up here and the

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ground is dark uh we had actually uh

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last night we flew over houston and my

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family went outside to or two nights ago

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to see

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us as we flew over the top and so i was

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talking to them

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while it was we were in the sunlight up

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here but it was already dark at home

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so

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satellites and stuff we can't see it it

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is a threat though it is a threat and

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the ground is tracking thousands of

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pieces of old satellites and things like

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that that would be a threat to us

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several times we've had to do some

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maneuvers where we changed the orbit of

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the space station to get out of the way

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or get get further away from a piece of

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space junk

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and there was one time i think it was

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back around the end of june

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where we actually found out about a

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piece of space junk that was coming

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toward us getting kind of close

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uh and we're not certain exactly where

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how close it's going to be because these

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things are uh are hard to measure from

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the ground but it was too it we learned

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about it uh with without enough time to

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actually change the orbit to avoid it

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and so that was a little bit scary we

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had to close all of the hatches on the

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space station and then go into our soyuz

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spacecraft just in case part of the

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space station got hit so we would be

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safe and be ready to come home if we

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needed to

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hello my name's kate and after my

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grandfather had a stroke he underwent

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lots of physical therapy so that his

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muscles didn't atrophy

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i've heard that the same is true for

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being in space

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if so is there an exercise regimen that

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you must do to limit the amount of

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muscle degradation

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kate that's very good insight and a good

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comparison because yes indeed we are

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in in conditions up here that are very

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much like bed rest or somebody with an

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ailment like your grandfather

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and so we do have to do exercises now

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lifting weights doesn't make much sense

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up here where everything's weightless uh

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but we have a kind of a it's similar to

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a universal gym that you might see

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that has

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it uses pressure cylinders and then kind

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of a series of levers and stuff and we

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could do a lot of exercises that are

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very valuable and very beneficial for us

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on that so that's the resistive exercise

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that helps

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keep our muscles strong and it also

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helps our bones because you put that

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load on your bones right now and i'm

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just floating around in here my bones

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aren't doing their job on the ground for

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you right now your bones are holding you

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up and that stimulates the bones to keep

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them strong up here we lose bone mass we

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begin to lose bone mass in hours within

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hours of arriving in in in space

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and so we have to stimulate those bones

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through this kind of exercise and we do

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aerobic exercise for our heart and lungs

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and cardiovascular system using an

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exercise bike i actually have it it's

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right here the exercise bikes in this

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room and we have a treadmill

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you you might think it's odd that we

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have a treadmill and we obviously can't

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just step onto it and start running we

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have to use a harness that's a lot like

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a backpacking harness and then the

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series of cords it's like bungee

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stretchy bungee cords that hold us down

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to the treadmill so we can run and

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that's how we keep our heart and lungs

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healthy and we have to do that every day

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one of the experiments i'm doing up here

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is actually as a guinea pig

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where i'm the guinea pig for a new

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exercise

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plan or schedule

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less time doing the exercise but harder

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or higher intensity and so instead of

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just going out and running for an hour i

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will go we're on wind sprints

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on the treadmill and things like that

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and it seems to be working out really

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well i'm i'm excited about the the

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program it's a hard one to be a be a

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subject in because that means i'm

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you know i'm i do a lot of sweating but

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it's uh it's really good research and it

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has paybacks too because they can study

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in me in a few months what takes place

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in patients and people on the ground

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over

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you know long longer periods of time or

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even years and so by studying my body's

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response

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up here in this six month time we can

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use that then to help other people

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hopefully like your grandfather

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julia and my question is do you have to

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speak other languages on the iss yeah

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julia that that's a very interesting

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question because it is the international

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space station there's 15 countries

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working together in partnership here

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right now on board the space station we

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have one american one japanese astronaut

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and one russian cosmonaut

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and so you're you will likely hear all

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three languages in a given day there's

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more russian and uh

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and english being spoken every once in a

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while now satoshi and the japanese

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ground control team are very fluent in

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english but every once in a while if

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they get into something that's very

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complicated and hard to translate

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they'll switch over to japanese

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i don't know any japanese not i can't

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get much further than good morning

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but we we are required to learn russian

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and become achieve a certain level of

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proficiency in the russian language

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that's because we're launching on a

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russian rocket and the displays and

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00:12:26,230 --> 00:12:23,040
controls in that spaceship are all in

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russian as are the procedures and so we

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have to be able to work as part of that

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00:12:31,750 --> 00:12:30,480
spacecraft crew to get to and from the

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space station

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uh it is interesting though if you

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listen to a conversation with the three

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of us you'll hear

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constantly hear a mix of russian and

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english being spoken with people you

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00:12:46,949 --> 00:12:46,000
know preferring to speak their native

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tongue

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but the other guys have enough

356
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understanding of it to understand what

357
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they're saying but not quite enough over

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the edge maybe to speak it as fluently

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and so it'd be real confusing for

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somebody that didn't understand russian

361
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to listen to us having a discussion over

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lunch

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and i think that learning another

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language like that is really really

365
00:13:10,230 --> 00:13:08,000
important and we don't i don't think we

366
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pay enough attention to that that

367
00:13:15,269 --> 00:13:12,639
learning another language really opens

368
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opens your mind up to another culture to

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another way to other ideas that can't be

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expressed in english and it makes the

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world a much more enjoyable place if you

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have the chance to go to another place

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and use this language and really enjoy

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00:13:31,190 --> 00:13:29,360
everything there is to benefit from

375
00:13:33,829 --> 00:13:31,200
there

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my name is angela and my question is

377
00:13:38,069 --> 00:13:35,920
what types of experiments have you been

378
00:13:39,750 --> 00:13:38,079
working on and what have you learned

379
00:13:42,949 --> 00:13:39,760
from them

380
00:13:45,430 --> 00:13:42,959
hey angela that that's a very worth a

381
00:13:47,110 --> 00:13:45,440
very good question we're standing or i'm

382
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i'm floating in the

383
00:13:51,750 --> 00:13:49,680
the u.s laboratory right now i'm

384
00:13:53,990 --> 00:13:51,760
surrounded by different experiments

385
00:13:57,269 --> 00:13:54,000
right above me here is a furnace

386
00:13:58,629 --> 00:13:57,279
that that it takes special metal samples

387
00:14:00,470 --> 00:13:58,639
it heats them up to very high

388
00:14:02,389 --> 00:14:00,480
temperatures and then it's a has a very

389
00:14:04,470 --> 00:14:02,399
complicated mechanism inside

390
00:14:07,189 --> 00:14:04,480
that allows well the heating and cooling

391
00:14:09,189 --> 00:14:07,199
of these rod these sample rods at

392
00:14:11,509 --> 00:14:09,199
different rates and they can measure

393
00:14:13,910 --> 00:14:11,519
what happens to the metals

394
00:14:16,550 --> 00:14:13,920
in gravity when you heat metals up when

395
00:14:17,430 --> 00:14:16,560
you melt things that the the liquids

396
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will

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settle out based on their density where

398
00:14:22,230 --> 00:14:21,279
the heavier stuff will settle to the

399
00:14:24,069 --> 00:14:22,240
bottom

400
00:14:25,750 --> 00:14:24,079
lighter stuff rises to the top and you

401
00:14:28,949 --> 00:14:25,760
get these currents that are moving

402
00:14:30,710 --> 00:14:28,959
inside your your your sample up here you

403
00:14:33,829 --> 00:14:30,720
don't have that and so you get a much

404
00:14:35,350 --> 00:14:33,839
more pure uh crystals when even metal

405
00:14:37,430 --> 00:14:35,360
and you can't see it but metals when

406
00:14:39,509 --> 00:14:37,440
they cool off they crystallize and you

407
00:14:41,990 --> 00:14:39,519
can learn a lot about these things right

408
00:14:44,310 --> 00:14:42,000
here is a combustion facility we burn

409
00:14:46,550 --> 00:14:44,320
fires in there it's all contained inside

410
00:14:48,069 --> 00:14:46,560
a special test chamber but it's certain

411
00:14:50,310 --> 00:14:48,079
that test chamber is surrounded by

412
00:14:51,750 --> 00:14:50,320
cameras and special instruments and

413
00:14:53,990 --> 00:14:51,760
we're studying

414
00:14:57,430 --> 00:14:54,000
flames and not just not not simple

415
00:14:59,189 --> 00:14:57,440
flames but the physics of a flame

416
00:15:00,790 --> 00:14:59,199
and really getting in because in on

417
00:15:03,189 --> 00:15:00,800
earth there's a lot of the processes in

418
00:15:05,590 --> 00:15:03,199
a flame that are driven by gravity and

419
00:15:07,269 --> 00:15:05,600
buoyancy forces and up here we don't

420
00:15:09,110 --> 00:15:07,279
have that and they're studying what's

421
00:15:10,870 --> 00:15:09,120
what's called the flame boundaries what

422
00:15:13,670 --> 00:15:10,880
conditions are

423
00:15:15,750 --> 00:15:13,680
our flames stable and and and when do

424
00:15:18,550 --> 00:15:15,760
they become unstable and they're they're

425
00:15:21,910 --> 00:15:18,560
unlocking the physics of the flame

426
00:15:24,150 --> 00:15:21,920
with the hope of learning more about

427
00:15:25,670 --> 00:15:24,160
producing combustion

428
00:15:27,590 --> 00:15:25,680
uh

429
00:15:29,590 --> 00:15:27,600
burners and heaters on the earth that

430
00:15:31,350 --> 00:15:29,600
are a little more efficient if you could

431
00:15:33,350 --> 00:15:31,360
find a way to make them just a fraction

432
00:15:35,030 --> 00:15:33,360
of a percent more efficient on earth

433
00:15:37,509 --> 00:15:35,040
you'd be saving you know millions or

434
00:15:39,829 --> 00:15:37,519
billions of dollars every year in energy

435
00:15:41,990 --> 00:15:39,839
costs so it's things like that we've got

436
00:15:44,069 --> 00:15:42,000
plant growth going on we have fluid

437
00:15:46,470 --> 00:15:44,079
physics things uh fluid physics

438
00:15:47,910 --> 00:15:46,480
experiments going on as well as you know

439
00:15:49,430 --> 00:15:47,920
guys like me that are the guinea pig

440
00:15:51,670 --> 00:15:49,440
where they're studying my muscles and

441
00:15:53,829 --> 00:15:51,680
bones there's a lot of great stuff going

442
00:15:55,829 --> 00:15:53,839
on up

443
00:15:57,590 --> 00:15:55,839
commander you've got uh

444
00:15:59,590 --> 00:15:57,600
deputy secretary tony miller coming back

445
00:16:01,910 --> 00:15:59,600
to you well first of all thank you so

446
00:16:04,790 --> 00:16:01,920
much uh for your service

447
00:16:07,350 --> 00:16:04,800
for your willingness to be a guinea pig

448
00:16:09,350 --> 00:16:07,360
and for the real inspiration

449
00:16:12,230 --> 00:16:09,360
that you're providing both to me and to

450
00:16:13,110 --> 00:16:12,240
the students here uh it's uh

451
00:16:14,949 --> 00:16:13,120
you know

452
00:16:17,110 --> 00:16:14,959
what you and the crew are doing and the

453
00:16:19,110 --> 00:16:17,120
importance of science and the importance

454
00:16:22,310 --> 00:16:19,120
of of doing it in a international and

455
00:16:25,189 --> 00:16:22,320
global way really is a great kickoff to

456
00:16:26,629 --> 00:16:25,199
our international education week and i

457
00:16:28,629 --> 00:16:26,639
really appreciate your time given your

458
00:16:30,310 --> 00:16:28,639
busy schedule

459
00:16:32,470 --> 00:16:30,320
well thank you very much the questions

460
00:16:34,550 --> 00:16:32,480
have been outstanding these these kids

461
00:16:37,030 --> 00:16:34,560
are they are paying attention they are

462
00:16:38,710 --> 00:16:37,040
thinking they're obviously

463
00:16:40,550 --> 00:16:38,720
questioning the world around them and

464
00:16:41,430 --> 00:16:40,560
how it works and that's a wonderful

465
00:16:43,430 --> 00:16:41,440
thing

466
00:16:45,509 --> 00:16:43,440
technology gets a bad rap sometimes

467
00:16:47,910 --> 00:16:45,519
because technology has some downsides

468
00:16:50,069 --> 00:16:47,920
and we we we hear about that in terms of

469
00:16:51,749 --> 00:16:50,079
potential global warming sources

470
00:16:54,790 --> 00:16:51,759
pollution

471
00:16:57,509 --> 00:16:54,800
energy crises and things like that but

472
00:16:59,670 --> 00:16:57,519
the solution the solutions for tomorrow

473
00:17:01,910 --> 00:16:59,680
really come from technology too finding

474
00:17:03,269 --> 00:17:01,920
ways to do that energy a little cleaner

475
00:17:05,429 --> 00:17:03,279
a little cheaper

476
00:17:07,829 --> 00:17:05,439
another way finding ways to be better

477
00:17:10,390 --> 00:17:07,839
stewards of our air our water our

478
00:17:12,069 --> 00:17:10,400
natural resources and those those things

479
00:17:15,669 --> 00:17:12,079
are going to come from technology the

480
00:17:19,590 --> 00:17:16,829
you know and

481
00:17:21,110 --> 00:17:19,600
engineering can lead you to and i

482
00:17:22,949 --> 00:17:21,120
encourage the kids there is no dream

483
00:17:24,309 --> 00:17:22,959
that's too big i grew up in one of the

484
00:17:27,110 --> 00:17:24,319
poorest parts of the country on the

485
00:17:28,789 --> 00:17:27,120
border of south texas and i had a crazy

486
00:17:29,830 --> 00:17:28,799
dream about flying in space and here i

487
00:17:31,750 --> 00:17:29,840
am today as a commander of the

488
00:17:33,830 --> 00:17:31,760
international space station there is no

489
00:17:37,350 --> 00:17:33,840
dream that's too crazy there really

490
00:17:40,630 --> 00:17:37,360
isn't you can do it follow your passion

491
00:17:42,390 --> 00:17:40,640
ask the questions and work dig in and

492
00:17:44,870 --> 00:17:42,400
enjoy the journey because it's a

493
00:17:47,350 --> 00:17:44,880
fantastic journey and we need you to be

494
00:17:49,510 --> 00:17:47,360
out there thinking and engaged and

495
00:17:50,710 --> 00:17:49,520
helping us for the days ahead thank you

496
00:17:53,350 --> 00:17:50,720
very much

497
00:17:55,110 --> 00:17:53,360
perhaps one last thing i i understand

498
00:17:58,150 --> 00:17:55,120
there's something called stupid

499
00:18:06,310 --> 00:17:58,160
astronaut tricks

500
00:18:11,029 --> 00:18:08,390
how about a chocolate covered

501
00:18:13,110 --> 00:18:11,039
or a candy coated chocolate can

502
00:18:22,230 --> 00:18:13,120
peanut here

503
00:18:42,870 --> 00:18:23,669
you guys probably don't believe i'm

504
00:18:46,630 --> 00:18:44,390
thank you very much you've been a great

505
00:18:48,710 --> 00:18:46,640
crowd and keep asking those questions